diagnostics
MOP6303
Leveraging low-cost sensors and machine learning for pump anomaly detection in accelerator facilities*
349
The reliability of cooling systems is critical for removing substantial amounts (in megawatts) of waste heat from numerous high-power accelerator components (e.g., magnets, RF structures, power supplies) and beamline components\*. Reliance on manual inspection of hundreds of pumps is inefficient and increases the risk of costly component damage and unplanned downtime. This study introduces a real-time method for automated vibration monitoring of pumps designed to help transition facility operations from reactive to predictive maintenance. Our approach integrates (i) affordable vibration sensors\*\* and (ii) machine learning models \*\*\* for anomaly detection. We have deployed vibration sensors on the Bunch Lengthening System (BLS) Helium and water pumps, where Linux nodes aggregate and preprocess the hourly collected data. To support operational decision-making, a web-based diagnostic platform is being developed, offering real-time visualization of vibration trends against weekly baseline data and generating Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) spectrograms for detailed frequency analysis. Additionally, the web platform will show hourly inferences from the machine learning models on the data stream, autonomously detecting spectral anomalies indicative of mechanical faults. The integration of scalable edge data collection, advanced visualization, and unsupervised deep learning will provide a vital safeguard for maintaining operational readiness in particle accelerators.
Paper: MOP6303
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-MOP6303
About: Received: 13 May 2026 — Revised: 15 May 2026 — Accepted: 16 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
MOP6338
Beam-Based Characterisation of BPM Electronics Thermal Sensitivity after Two Decades of Operation
396
Beam-based measurements of the thermal sensitivity of beam position monitor (BPM) electronics were performed in SPEAR a third-generation storage ring after more than twenty years of routine user operations. Controlled building-temperature excursions were applied to two equipment buildings containing key BPM front-end and digitiser racks. Using orbit- and charge-normalised BPM signals and independent temperature logging, we performed lag-aware regression to estimate effective position-versus-temperature coefficients for each BPM, and compared several alternative temperature-driver models (global, per-building and hybrid). The method was applied to two measurement campaigns, months apart, with different ambient conditions. The results show clearly distinguishable building-level responses and reproducible patterns within subsets of BPMs, but also highlight strong correlations between temperature, beam conditions and slowly varying lattice effects. We present this analysis framework as a step towards robust, beam-based thermal characterisation of ageing BPM systems, and outline how extended datasets could support future BPM upgrades, thermal monitoring and operational orbit-stability tools.
Paper: MOP6338
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-MOP6338
About: Received: 13 May 2026 — Revised: 15 May 2026 — Accepted: 16 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
MOP6352
Digital twin development for the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory
407
The NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) at Brookhaven National Laboratory simulates the galactic cosmic ray space radiation environment by delivering high energy heavy ions and protons to the NSRL Target Room for radiobiology studies and microelectronics testing. The AGS Booster synchrotron delivers beams to the NSRL beamline via resonant slow extraction. NSRL tuning is difficult due to the non-linearity from slow extraction and octupoles, and the beam shape is optimized empirically by operators. To streamline and improve NSRL operations, we develop a real-time digital twin for the NSRL beam line, starting from the extraction bumps in the Booster and extending all the way to the targets. This digital twin allows users to both load live settings from the real system to the online model, and to send model suggested settings to the real machine. We demonstrate that an accurate digital twin can tremendously help improve operations at the NSRL beam line.
Paper: MOP6352
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-MOP6352
About: Received: 11 May 2026 — Revised: 15 May 2026 — Accepted: 17 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
MOP6355
Selection of transverse diagnostics to measure few-micron beam modulations in the nanopatterned microbunching experiment
411
A nanopatterned microbunching collaboration has been formed to test the production of electron microbunches by rotating transverse beamlets into the longitudinal plane using the emittance exchange (EEX) beamline of the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA).*-** This mechanism has been suggested, such as by the Compact X-ray Free-Electron Laser (CXFEL) group at Arizona State University, to hold the potential to make short-wavelength free-electron lasers (FELs) more compact. Our collaboration will pattern AWA’s 40 MeV electron beam with a TEM grid to produce micro-scale beamlets that will become mico-to-nano scale microbunches in the longitudinal plane. Characterizing an array of beamlets with a modulation period at the few micron scale and a low, single pC scale total charge presents challenges in achieving the necessary transverse resolution and signal strength. These proceedings will detail the diagnostics explored to characterize these transverse modulations. We will discuss the merits and challenges of each approach in relation to our application, and progress towards demonstrating these desired diagnostics.
Paper: MOP6355
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-MOP6355
About: Received: 13 May 2026 — Revised: 19 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
MOP6381
Exploring causes of Beam Loss at CEBAF
446
At Jefferson Lab, the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator (CEBAF) features a unique design with two linear accelerators and two arc sections allowing for multiple turns of the electron beam, as well as four experimental end stations. This topology leads to increased beam losses, especially in the spreader and recombiner regions connecting the arcs to the LINACs and in the extraction regions connecting the experimental end stations to the accelerator. These losses result in equipment activation and operational interruptions. Recent upgrades to the facility’s diagnostic systems, including the addition of xenon ion chambers, have provided higher-resolution data regarding these loss events. Building on this improved observational capability, we are developing a simulation framework using optics codes and the Geant4-based BDSIM to model beam extinction and halo formation in these regions. This work aims to correlate simulation results with experimental data to isolate the causes of beam loss and inform future machine tuning strategies. We present a summary of conclusions drawn from recent operational studies and outline a plan to model the beam loss and validate the simulations.
Paper: MOP6381
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-MOP6381
About: Received: 12 May 2026 — Revised: 16 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
MOP6605
Real-time tomography of synchrotron longitudinal phase space based on spatio-temporal neural networks
477
Accurate acquisition of the longitudinal phase space distribution is crucial for synchrotron optimization, but traditional tomography requires minutes per reconstruction, preventing real-time diagnostics. To resolve this, we propose a novel spatio-temporal neural network integrating 1D Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Transformers. This hybrid model achieves end-to-end continuous reconstruction from 1D beam projections to 2D phase space dynamic evolution. The network is trained on a high-fidelity dataset generated via the BLonD code. It incorporates nonlinear space charge effects based on the machine parameters of the Xi'an 200MeV Proton Application Facility (XiPAF). Results demonstrate the model accurately restores complex phase space topological structures. It effectively captures both high-density cores and low-density edge halos. The model achieves a longitudinal line density projection error under 1% in simulations and under 2% using real Fast Current Transformer (FCT) measurements from the XiPAF facility. Furthermore, the framework delivers single-frame inference times of 0.109 ms on a GPU and 4.557 ms on a standard CPU. This sub-millisecond processing speed successfully crosses the engineering threshold for online real-time diagnostics. Ultimately, it establishes a reliable new continuous imaging paradigm for automated beam real-time feedback control in high-intensity accelerators.
Paper: MOP6605
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-MOP6605
About: Received: 01 Apr 2026 — Revised: 16 May 2026 — Accepted: 16 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
MOP6613
In-air optical techniques for temporal diagnostics at picosecond resolution
485
Radiative temporal diagnostics like Cherenkov diffraction radiation easily offer ps-resolution but require in-vacuum operation. For detectors in air, prompt Cherenkov radiation (ChR) provides ps-resolution while greatly reducing deployment complexity. We investigate such in-air ChR diagnostics to resolve sub-ns bunch structure at the Australian Synchrotron's injector linac. Existing monitors can resolve \qty{2}{ns} bunch spacing but cannot detect possible \qty{330}{ps} satellite bunches induced by \qty{3}{GHz} travelling-wave structures. A mirrored silica crystal is considered for generating and guiding ChR towards a photodetector. Impacts of path-length dispersion in the crystal are assessed, alongside optimisation of photodetector placement relative to the crystal. Ability of existing diagnostics (such as a Fast Current Transformer) to resolve sub-ns bunch structure is assessed. Existing diagnostics serve to benchmark the performance of novel monitors exploiting the mirrored crystal. These techniques support improved longitudinal phase-space measurement, thus increasing injection efficiency, improving bunch purity, and optimising RF-phasing in a dual-RF system.
Paper: MOP6613
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-MOP6613
About: Received: 13 May 2026 — Revised: 21 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
MOP6614
The development of novel beam diagnostics for low-MeV protons
489
In charged particle therapy, high energy layer switching times prolong beam delivery time, limiting treatment efficiency and accuracy. The TURBO (Technology for Ultra-Rapid Beam Operation) project aims to build a low-energy (0.5-3 MeV) demonstrator beamline for proton therapy with a large momentum acceptance (±42%), enabling rapid delivery over the full clinical energy range, alleviating this bottleneck. Novel beam diagnostic instrumentation is required to monitor key parameters of the beamline constructed for the University of Melbourne’s Pelletron accelerator, which operates at low energies and high current densities. We develop a pepper-pot mask-based method to measure beam phase space distribution and quantify the emittance, and a multi-layer Faraday cup (MLFC) to measure energy distribution. This work now enables the completion of the beam shaping section, and integration of a fixed-field, closed-dispersion beam transport section, key next steps toward assessing TURBO’s potential to shorten beam delivery times.
Paper: MOP6614
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-MOP6614
About: Received: 13 May 2026 — Revised: 19 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
MOP6643
Beam Diagnostics System for HALF Storage Ring
535
The Hefei Advanced Light Facility (HALF) is a fourth-generation, low-energy diffraction-limited synchrotron light source currently under construction. Its storage ring has an energy of 2.2 GeV, a circumference of 480 meters, and an emittance of 86 pm·rad. To ensure the smooth commissioning of HALF to meet its design specifications and to fully exploit the operational potential of this facility, it is necessary to develop a comprehensive beam diagnostic system with high temporal and spatial resolution. This paper will introduce the overall structure and design of the HALF storage ring beam diagnostics system, focusing on the latest development progress of the high-resolution, high-stability beam orbit measurement and feedback system, and the bunch-by-bunch multi-parameter diagnostic system.
Paper: MOP6643
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-MOP6643
About: Received: 13 May 2026 — Revised: 21 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
MOP6703
Machine-learning surrogate modeling of the RAON LEBT beamline
631
We present a machine-learning surrogate model for the RAON LEBT that enables fast prediction of beam centroids at multiple diagnostics. A dataset of TRACK simulations spanning relevant steering-magnet and electrostatic-quadrupole settings is used to train fully connected neural networks. The surrogate model reproduces the underlying beam dynamics with high accuracy while providing orders-of-magnitude faster evaluation. This approach supports rapid orbit studies, optimization, and data-driven beam control in the RAON front-end transport system.
Paper: MOP6703
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-MOP6703
About: Received: 11 May 2026 — Revised: 21 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
TUO2M05
CLARA commissioning and first friendly user experiments
1253
The CLARA facility at Daresbury Laboratory is a medium energy user facility for wide range of applications such as novel acceleration, cancer-therapy, and advanced diagnostics research. CLARA is currently finalising beam commissioning after an extended period of technical systems commissioning. During this period CLARA hosted its first set of “friendly” user experiments in its dedicated shielded user beamline, FEBE. Five different experiments were selected for the first user run, covering a range of applications including: advanced diagnostics measurements using coherent transition radiation (CTR) and optical transition radiation (OTR) stations; Very High Energy Electron (VHEE) cancer-therapy studies; beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration studies related to next generation colliders. These experiments were conducted exploiting the full capabilities of the CLARA facility, including up to 250 MeV/c bunches with up to 250 pC per bunch at 100 Hz repetition rate, and with variable longitudinal compression regimes. The experiments chosen will also develop and prepare CLARA for the transition to a full user facility. Further user experiments are expected to be performed later in 2026, after final commissioning of the 120 TW laser system in FEBE, which will expand the range of experiments to include those combining electron beams and high-power lasers.
Paper: TUO2M05
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-TUO2M05
About: Received: 11 May 2026 — Revised: 17 May 2026 — Accepted: 22 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
TUP2344
Electrical integration of the ALS-U storage ring modules
1345
The ALS-U (Advanced Light Source Upgrade) project is an upgrade to the ALS at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The new multibend achromat (Storage Ring) will be installed in 16 months. To meet the tight schedule and space constraints, the 48 modules of magnets (called rafts) are prestaged and aligned in advance. All local electrical wiring is prestaged to reduce the installation time in the tunnel. Electrical work includes cabling for grounding, thermocouples, MPS (Machine Protection System), magnet power and correctors, vacuum, beamline feedback (diagnostics), and AC cables, all arranged to minimize heat buildup. Key challenges include raft transport requirements and managing the overall routing as well as future upgrades in the tightly packed lattice arrangement. This contribution presents the electrical integration on the raft during prestaging. It further outlines the testing activities and the prototype rafts developed to validate and optimize installation procedures. It details the schematics, cable and material management for the 48 rafts, as well as the ALS-U configuration management system and databases used for electrical routing.
Paper: TUP2344
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-TUP2344
About: Received: 22 Apr 2026 — Revised: 18 May 2026 — Accepted: 19 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
TUP2629
Generation and diagnostics of nanosecond-interval laser pulse trains with femtosecond-level timing control for the Korea-4GSR photocathode RF gun
1413
The Korea-4GSR (4th Generation Storage Ring) requires a highly stable and precisely synchronized laser pulse train to drive its photocathode RF gun in multi-bunch mode. To meet this requirement, we developed a laser system capable of generating nanosecond-interval pulse trains with femtosecond-level timing control. The pulse train is formed using a beam-split/delay-and-combine method, producing a 64-pulse sequence with 2 ns separation, synchronized to a 500 MHz RF reference. To further enhance synchronization accuracy and diagnose timing jitter at the femtosecond scale, a 500 MHz femtosecond oscillator is being developed and integrated into the system. This fs-oscillator enables precise timing diagnostics, long-term drift monitoring, and improved stability for multi-bunch operation. The combined system is designed to provide low-emittance, low-energy-spread electron bunches required for Korea-4GSR’s high-brightness injector and ensures reliable operation in both single-shot and multi-bunch modes.
Paper: TUP2629
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-TUP2629
About: Received: 04 May 2026 — Revised: 20 May 2026 — Accepted: 20 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
TUP3017
Towards integrated diagnostics for multi-stage dielectric laser acceleration: a conceptual study
1576
Dielectric laser acceleration (DLA) enables compact, chip-scale accelerators. Recent demonstrations of multi-stage acceleration, alternating-phase focusing and interaction length in the millimeter range in dielectric nanostructures have verified the scalability of DLA concepts but the compactness places extreme demands on beam diagnostics due to submicron apertures, sub-fs bunch lengths and strong non-linear dynamics. To support the development of multi-stage structures and precise matching between stages, we explore diagnostic concepts that use the dielectric structures themselves. Tailored gratings can encode beam properties—such as bunch length—into emitted radiation, providing compact, high-resolution, on-chip diagnostics. Additionally to these hardware approaches, we propose to apply a machine-learning–based virtual diagnostic for DLA experiments. A neural network trained on 6D tracking simulations reconstructs key interaction parameters from the post-DLA electron beam and intermediate diagnostics and enables real-time optimization even in strongly non-linear regimes. Combining integrated dielectric diagnostics with ML-based reconstruction provides a scalable strategy for precise characterization and control of next-generation dielectric laser accelerators.
Paper: TUP3017
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-TUP3017
About: Received: 13 May 2026 — Revised: 17 May 2026 — Accepted: 21 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
TUP3022
NEWGAIN project at GANIL: Construction of the new heavy ion injector for the superconducting LINAC
1587
A new project, NEWGAIN (NEW GAnil Injector), is under construction at GANIL, and aims to build a second injector for heavier beams with A/q up to 7, as an extension of the SPIRAL2 accelerator. With this upgrade, SPIRAL2 will provide high intensity beams, from proton to uranium, thus increasing GANIL international competitiveness both in fundamental science and associated applications. The paper will provide an update on the progress of the construction phase and the main milestones achieved and to come. The layout and the main technical components of the new injector, based on 2 ECR ion sources (one of them existing), two LEBT, one RFQ and a MEBT section to transport the beam into the present MEBT connected to the LINAC will be presented.
Paper: TUP3022
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-TUP3022
About: Received: 05 May 2026 — Revised: 18 May 2026 — Accepted: 19 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
TUP3075
Evidence for RF breakdowns causing surface anomalies on caesium Telluride cathodes at Clara
1666
The Compact Linear Accelerator for Research and Applications (CLARA) at Daresbury Laboratory has recently undertaken an upgrade of its photocathodes from using a copper emission surface to using caesium telluride (Cs\textsubscript{2}Te). During the conditioning of the first Cs\textsubscript{2}Te cathode a significant number of RF breakdowns were detected, and so that cathode was replaced; subsequent inspection of the cathode following removal identified a number of surface defects. To better study the second cathode, a diagnostic camera was used to collect images of the surface \textit{in situ} during RF conditioning; the frequent formation over time of surface defects was observed. In this paper we present a statistical analysis of the breakdown events and surface image data, utilizing cross-correlation of the signal derivatives to account for cumulative trends. The analysis reveals a correlation between the rate of defect formation and the incidence of RF breakdowns, with a Pearson coefficient of $r = 0.59$ at zero time lag. These results provide quantitative evidence that RF breakdown events are the likely driver of surface morphology changes on Cs\textsubscript{2}Te cathodes.
Paper: TUP3075
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-TUP3075
About: Received: 15 May 2026 — Revised: 18 May 2026 — Accepted: 20 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
TUP7011
The TEX facility upgrade at INFN-LNF
1695
The TEX (TEst stand for X band) facility at INFN-LNF is a high-power RF test stand dedicated to the qualification of X-band components and accelerating structures for the EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB linac and related projects. An upgrade program is underway to extend its capabilities by increasing the available peak and average power, repetition rate, and operational flexibility for both X-band (11.994 GHz) and C-band (5.712 GHz) operation. The major intervention includes the installation of two new high-repetition-rate RF sources, one X-band and one C-band, together with dedicated waveguide distribution networks and improved diagnostics for breakdown detection, pulse shaping, and long-term stability studies. Moreover, the C-band station, with the integration in the bunker of a C-band RF photo-gun developed within the IFAST project, will serve as the first testbed for a full C-band high-brightness photoinjector, enabling experimental validation of compact injector schemes. These enhancements will allow parallel conditioning stations, advanced high-gradient tests of accelerating structures, and accelerated validation of RF components under realistic operating conditions for next-generation accelerators. The contribution will describe in detail the upgrade of the TEX facility and its future perspectives.
Paper: TUP7011
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-TUP7011
About: Received: 13 May 2026 — Revised: 21 May 2026 — Accepted: 21 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
TUP7319
Design and test of an X-band cavity for short-pulse RF breakdown studies
1745
High-gradient operation of normal-conducting radiofrequency (RF) cavities is fundamentally limited by RF breakdown, a phenomenon driven by processes including field emission, surface heating, multipacting and plasma formation. Recent studies have indicated that operating the cavities in a short-pulse regime, with RF pulses of only a few nanoseconds long, can modify the onset and dynamics of breakdown. In particular, short pulses are instrumental in limiting multipactor-driven electron growth and reducing field-emission-induced Joule heating on cavity surfaces. However, systematic experimental investigations into these dynamics are limited. We present the design of a dedicated experiment using a single-cell high-gradient X-band cavity, to be tested at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA), for studying RF breakdown with short pulses. The experiment will employ short, adjustable RF pulses in the few-nanosecond range. We will detail the cavity design optimized for short-pulse operation, the planned operating parameter space for the measurements, and the diagnostics for time-resolved dark current and RF signals, with the ultimate goal of quantifying how breakdown behavior changes as a function of pulse length and field gradient.
Paper: TUP7319
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-TUP7319
About: Received: 13 May 2026 — Revised: 19 May 2026 — Accepted: 21 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
WEO6M01
AI and machine learning techniques for LNL accelerators
2193
The application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) to particle accelerator systems has emerged as an effective strategy for managing complex operations and enhancing performance. At INFN-Legnaro National Laboratories (INFN-LNL), both offline and online AI/ML-driven approaches have been developed to improve beam dynamics, reduce setup times, and increase overall accelerator efficiency. Offline efforts focus on surrogate modeling of complex facilities such as ANTHEM BNCT, as well as on virtual diagnostics implemented using supervised neural operators. By combining these tools with AI/ML optimization algorithms, new design and commissioning strategies are being explored to further enhance beam quality and operational performance. In parallel, online real-time optimization strategies based on Bayesian Optimization (BO) has delivered promising results. Notably, at the PIAVE-ALPI superconducting accelerator, the application of BO improved beam transmission up to 85%, a significant increase compared to the typical operational average of 35%. These advances demonstrate the growing impact and future potential of AI/ML technologies in accelerator science and operations.
Paper: WEO6M01
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-WEO6M01
About: Received: 11 May 2026 — Revised: 18 May 2026 — Accepted: 21 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
WEP4317
Overview of the LAMP Conceptual Design
2417
The LANSCE Accelerator Modernization Project (LAMP) will replace the front-end of the 50-year-old LANSCE accelerator, specifically to maintain beam delivery to all user stations while improving beam availability and reliability. We present an overview of the current LAMP conceptual design, including requirements, beam physics results, design decisions, and key component capabilities.
Paper: WEP4317
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-WEP4317
About: Received: 13 May 2026 — Revised: 17 May 2026 — Accepted: 17 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
WEP5146
Phase Space Tomography Constrained by the Vlasov–Fokker–Planck Equation Using EOSD Diagnostics at KARA
2909
This study presents the first experimental application of longitudinal phase space tomography constrained by the Vlasov–Fokker–Planck equation (VFPE) using electro-optical spectral decoding (EOSD) diagnostics at the Karlsruhe Research Accelerator (KARA). The EOSD measurements are modeled as the convolution of the system’s impulse response with the charge density profile at the time of acquisition. Combining this model with the VFPE we formulate a partial differential equation (PDE)-constrained optimization framework for the inverse tomography. Using this framework, we successfully reconstruct the longitudinal phase space of the electron bunch across different dynamical regimes, ranging from the stable state to the onset of micro-bunching. From the reconstructed phase space, we derive macroscopic beam observables including the longitudinal bunch length, energy-spread related horizontal bunch size, and coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) power. The reconstructed observables are validated against synchronized measurements from three independent diagnostics. Overall, the results demonstrate that the VFPE-constrained approach, combined with a detailed EOSD forward model, provides a physically consistent reconstruction of the phase space density dynamics from EOSD measurements.
Paper: WEP5146
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-WEP5146
About: Received: 12 May 2026 — Revised: 16 May 2026 — Accepted: 16 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
WEP6003
Anomaly Detection and Denoising of Non-Gaussian Beams using 2D Image Reconstruction Techniques based on Deep Learning
2933
Automatic image reconstruction tools are essential in fields such as physics, astronomy, and biology. In particle accelerators like CERN’s LHC, they are particularly important for evaluating beam quality through beam distribution measurement as position, profile, and emittance. Traditional analysis tools no longer meet the accuracy and efficiency demands of future facilities. We developed a new AI/DL-based digital tool for 2D transverse phase-space distributions and scanner image denoising aimed at improving the accuracy of RMS emittance measurements. Our focus was to enhance beam halo characterization, ultimately contributing to reduce transport losses, and enabling more sustainable accelerator operations. Challenges are related to noisy experimental data, lack of ground-truth reference images, noise model, and limited training datasets. Our unsupervised deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) can denoise a single image using only itself as input thus greatly improving the accuracy of beam surface area estimation and hence the RMS emittance measurement.
Paper: WEP6003
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-WEP6003
About: Received: 07 May 2026 — Revised: 21 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
WEP6014
FEL Power Profile Predictions with Image-Based Machine Learning at FLASH
2953
Accelerator operators and beamline users can highly benefit from accurate and efficient measurements of FEL (free-electron laser) pulse power profiles. The use of machine learning to predict such profiles is an area of rapid development in the field. This work presents recent measurements and tests at the FLASH FEL at DESY of an image-based machine learning application developed to facilitate online FEL power profile reconstruction. The reconstruction has been performed using machine learning predictions of the longitudinal phase-space (LPS) of electron beams unaffected by the FEL process, originally measured using a transverse deflecting structure. The predictions were used in combination with longitudinal measurements of the LPS of the electron beam after lasing, which does not interfere with delivery to users, to reconstruct the FEL pulse. The results of the reconstruction process have been validated by comparison with a reference method which does not rely on machine learning.
Paper: WEP6014
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-WEP6014
About: Received: 13 May 2026 — Revised: 17 May 2026 — Accepted: 17 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
WEP6015
Bayesian Optimization of Longitudinal Phase Space in the MAX IV Linac
2957
Reaching design performance in modern particle accelerators is a challenge involving many tasks which are time-consuming and difficult to perform. It is always an advantage to be able to simplify high-level operational tasks and measurements through the assistance of optimization techniques. In this work we applied Bayesian optimization via the XOpt framework with the aim to simplify and enhance the operations in the MAX IV linac. The focus of this work has been longitudinal phase-space optimization using signals from a transverse deflector system. Further, a new approach in the optimization of longitudinal phase-space parameters with the use of virtual diagnostics has been developed and implemented.
Paper: WEP6015
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-WEP6015
About: Received: 15 Apr 2026 — Revised: 16 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
WEP6035
Overview of Beam diagnostics for PERLE
3002
PERLE is an Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) that will be built at the IJCLab in Orsay. It will be the first multiturn ERL with the ambition to reach a beam power of 5 MW. Diagnostics are a key element for the functioning of PERLE, an overview of these diagnostics is discussed. The article focuses on the design and the operation of the diagnostics for PERLE injector. Finally, the article presents diagnostics to monitor beam parameters in PERLE rings.
Paper: WEP6035
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-WEP6035
About: Received: 04 May 2026 — Revised: 16 May 2026 — Accepted: 20 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
WEP6041
Current Profile Reconstruction by Passive Streaking of Low Charge, Low Energy Electron Bunches in Dielectric Loaded Waveguides
3021
Advanced accelerating techniques are evolving rapidly, enabling high energetic electron beams with significantly decreasing footprint. While the accelerating structures shrink impressively, longitudinal diagnostic components with femtosecond resolution like transverse deflecting structures still demand a significant amount of space and complex infrastructure, are costly and require precise synchronization of their power source with the arriving electron bunch. The TWAC project¹ aims for a fully-integrated compact accelerator, delivering ultrashort bunches (≈10s of fs) at low charge and energy (10 pC, 10 MeV), requiring corresponding small footprint, cost-efficient longitudinal diagnostics. Here, the retained method is passive streaking in dielectric loaded waveguides² in which the self-excited transverse wakefields are imposing a varying kick dependent on the intra-bunch longitudinal position. The new parameter regime is investigated at the ARES linac, firstly at medium energy (≈60 MeV). A novel forward propagation reconstruction algorithm has been developed, based on a waveguide mode expansion with more than 100 modes to properly model the excited wake.
Paper: WEP6041
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-WEP6041
About: Received: 13 May 2026 — Revised: 21 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
WEP6054
Development of the 2 MeV Proton Beam Diagnostics Section in Preparation for Neutron Production at FRANZ
3050
The Frankfurt Neutron Source (FRANZ) at the Institute for Applied Physics in Frankfurt (IAP) is advancing toward the commissioning of proton beams up to 2 MeV. To support beam tuning behind the RFQ–IH acceleration chain, a dedicated diagnostics section is being installed downstream of the IH structure. The setup focuses on transverse beam characterization using scintillation screens combined with radiation-tolerant camera systems, enabling multi-angle (two-view) imaging of the proton beam under various beam-current and RF settings. Additional instruments include phase probes for energy and RF-phase monitoring, as well as a Faraday cup for current measurements. The camera-based diagnostics are designed to provide reliable visual feedback during early commissioning, particularly in an environment with limited access and the radiation levels typical for this region of the accelerator. This contribution presents the concept, implementation approach, and intended diagnostic capabilities of the camera-driven setup as FRANZ prepares for subsequent steps toward routine 2 MeV operation and the following delivery of the proton beam onto the lithium target for the first neutron production campaigns.
Paper: WEP6054
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-WEP6054
About: Received: 11 May 2026 — Revised: 17 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
WEP6069
Bunch-by-Bunch Charge, Position, and Phase Diagnostics Using an Oscilloscope-Based Analysis for ALBA
3069
The ALBA synchrotron is preparing its upgrade to ALBA II, a fourth-generation storage ring that will require improved bunch by bunch beam diagnostics in order to fully characterize the beam. To meet these requirements and based on the analysis developed using the HOTCAP code [1], we are integrating an oscilloscope-based analysis tool that processes BPM signals to extract bunch-by-bunch charge, transverse position, and relative changes of the longitudinal phase. This report summarizes how the tool has been adapted for ALBA, including possible bunch length measurements. We show results using this method and compare them with respect to other techniques.
Paper: WEP6069
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-WEP6069
About: Received: 13 May 2026 — Revised: 18 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
WEP6075
The Quadrupolar Component of the ESS Linac Proton Beam
3080
Beam Position Monitors (BPMs) are used as part of normal routines to measure the dipole component of a charged particle beam in order to determine its transverse position. However, BPMs are also sensitive to higher-order moments of the beam charge distribution, including the quadrupolar component, which provides access to the difference in horizontal and vertical beam RMS sizes. This work investigates the feasibility of extracting the quadrupolar component of the proton beam of the ESS superconducting linac (SCL) through the BPMs. The theoretical framework for quadrupolar signal formation is reviewed, with emphasis on the relation between pickup sensitivities and beam parameters, and a calibration strategy based on measuring the quadrupolar signal sensitivity with respect to the beam centroid position.
Paper: WEP6075
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-WEP6075
About: Received: 13 May 2026 — Revised: 20 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
WEP6077
Continuous and Automated Monitoring of the Health and Performance of the LHC Beam Position Monitor System
3088
We have developed a new automated system to continuously monitor the health and performance of the LHC Beam Position Monitors (BPMs) at CERN. We preprocess turn-by-turn and bunch-by-bunch data through denoising and normalization before analyzing it using a combination of basic quality tests with rule-based checks and anomaly detection algorithms. All real-time acquisitions are processed on a dedicated python node, with results stored in HDF5 format and aggregated via our offline analysis framework that offers also visualization and reporting functionality. Our system provides robust diagnostics, daily summaries, and dashboards to ensure BPM reliability and maintain high data quality throughout LHC operations.
Paper: WEP6077
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-WEP6077
About: Received: 08 May 2026 — Revised: 12 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
WEP6093
Space Charge Compensation Time Measurement for a Pulsed, High-Current H- Ion Beam
3136
Strong space charge effects in pulsed, high-intensity hydrogen ion beams lead to transport losses in the Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) of particle accelerators. The space charge compensation (SCC) process lowers the potential of the beam by trapping compensating particles produced by beam-induced ionisation of residual gas. Significant beam losses during compensation build-up necessitate minimising the SCC time. Quantifying the SCC time and determining optimal conditions to reduce it can be done using time-resolved diagnostics. An optical diagnostic based on a Multi-Pixel Photon Counter has been developed at ISIS Muon and Neutron Source to measure the beam-induced light emission during SCC. The transmission through the acceptance-limited RFQ, measured by beam current transformers at the entrance and exit, can also be used to determine SCC time. These two diagnostics have been used at ISIS to measure the SCC time of the 35 keV pulsed H- beam during parametric sweeps of residual hydrogen gas pressure, ion source extract voltage, beam current and the solenoid magnet current.
Paper: WEP6093
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-WEP6093
About: Received: 12 May 2026 — Revised: 17 May 2026 — Accepted: 22 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
WEP6095
Python Based Control and Diagnostic Systems for AREAL Linear Accelerator
3140
AREAL linear accelerator constructed in Yerevan, Armenia, is designed to generate low-emittance, ultra-short electron beam pulses to enable advanced research in novel accelerator technologies, advanced coherent radiation sources, and dynamics of atomic and molecular processes. This paper presents an overview of the complex Python-based control system developed for the AREAL accelerator. It details the associated hardware components, software architecture, and auxiliary support applications. Additionally, future development plans for the control system and its integration with AREAL upgrading capabilities are discussed.
Paper: WEP6095
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-WEP6095
About: Received: 01 Apr 2026 — Revised: 17 May 2026 — Accepted: 17 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
WEP6136
Online performance monitoring and early fault detection for the B-train real-time field measurement systems at CERN
3236
At CERN, B-Train systems provide real-time magnetic field information to the RF and other subsystems with high precision and reliability, with less than 3 beam-hours lost per year per machine. Using the Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) as a case study, we describe a software performance-monitoring framework, currently in the prototyping phase, aimed at improving the absolute accuracy and trustworthiness of the measurement to help operators to proactively diagnose a variety of beam instabilities. The framework compares measurements with historical data, model-based expectations, and redundant acquisition chains to assess internal errors due e.g. to integrator drift or field marker degradation, apply the necessary corrections, or flag systems for intervention. We expect it to enhance compliance with evolving operational standards and future large-scale applications requiring automated self-diagnostics and remote maintenance.
Paper: WEP6136
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-WEP6136
About: Received: 11 May 2026 — Revised: 18 May 2026 — Accepted: 21 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
WEP6156
Surrogate models for the European XFEL operation
3277
Numerical beam dynamics simulation codes are essential for designing and studying particle accelerators, but their computational cost can make them unsuitable for online use and predictions during operations. The use of machine learning-based surrogate models can significantly reduce the required computational time whilst still providing an accurate prediction of the beam properties. In this paper, we present the first results on the training of surrogate models for the prediction of the longitudinal phase space (LPS) at the European XFEL. Finally, we discuss the potential application of such models in the development of a virtual diagnostic tool for use in the European XFEL control room as well as a fast estimator for the final LPS based on the user-provided compression parameters.
Paper: WEP6156
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-WEP6156
About: Received: 13 May 2026 — Revised: 20 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
WEP6164
Providing reproducibility and accessibility of research software development for accelerator physics at KARA
3293
Modern accelerator facilities generate heterogeneous data from diagnostics, sensors and simulations, making it difficult to manage, reproduce, and contextualize results as software and models evolve. While FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) are increasingly applied to research data, the iterative development of scientific software, with its rich metadata and benchmarks, rarely follows them. Small changes in compiler flags, dependencies, or hardware can alter outcomes, yet are often undocumented. We address this gap with BenchTune, a telemetry and reporting layer in C++ and Python that interfaces with the Kadi4Mat (Kadi) virtual research environment. BenchTune records metadata for each algorithm run, compiler information, parameters, metrics and stores it in Kadi as portable, traceable research artifacts. A project-view plugin in Kadi visualizes the evolution of a research project, linking code versions, datasets, and benchmark runs into coherent workflows. As a result, our contribution provides a reproducible framework that supports FAIR principles for research data, enabling sustainable and collaborative research in accelerator physics and beyond.
Paper: WEP6164
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-WEP6164
About: Received: 12 May 2026 — Revised: 17 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
THO6T02
Development of a new ultraslow muon beam diagnostic system for the J-PARC muon g-2/EDM experiment
3426
The E34 experiment at J-PARC MLF aims to precisely measure the positive muon's anomalous magnetic moment and electric dipole moment. Two technical challenges are critical. First, the ultraslow muon source (from muon cooling) must achieve its target intensity ($10^6 \mu^+/\text{sec}$) and low-emittance ($\epsilon_{x, \text{rms,normalized}}: \sim 0.3 \pi [\text{mm}\cdot\text{mrad}], \epsilon_{y, \text{rms,normalized}}: \sim 0.1 \pi [\text{mm}\cdot\text{mrad}]$). Second, the low-energy (5.7 keV) beam is highly sensitive to ambient magnetic fields and must be matched to the accelerator's acceptance with <10% accuracy, requiring active trajectory correction while preventing emittance growth. To verify these conditions—muon source property and beam matching—we developed a new ultraslow muon beam diagnostic system. In this system, the control section uses electrode pairs to actively correct the beam trajectory, which is sensitive to ambient fields. The transport section removes background particles (using an electrostatic mirror and bending magnet) and focuses the beam (using electrostatic quadrupoles). The measurement section uses the Q-scan method to measure the beam property. Simulations were used to optimize the system for 100% transport efficiency and <10% emittance measurement accuracy. Subsequent commissioning confirmed the system is ready for the quality evaluation of the beam in the new experimental area. This poster will discuss the simulation and commissioning results.
Paper: THO6T02
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-THO6T02
About: Received: 13 May 2026 — Revised: 22 May 2026 — Accepted: 22 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
THP2071
Sustainable data transformation strategies for particle and field data in modeling free-electron lasers
3588
Scientific data is commonly stored in formats such as CSV for small to medium datasets, HDF5 for complex hierarchical structures, and NetCDF for gridded and temporal variables. These formats provide robust mechanisms for structured storage, preparing hierarchical or multidimensional data for machine learning (ML) models and GPU-accelerated computation. However, often they incur substantial transformation overhead. Recent studies have demonstrated the promise of tailored data-transformation and encoding approaches in scientific domains. In particular, convolutional autoencoder–based compression of 3D particle-tracking data can achieve significant reductions in post-processing as well as storage requirements while keeping the essential spatial features for downstream workflows. This work discusses the potential of domain-specific encoding strategies for interfacing particle and field data across different simulation tools, with the goal of enhancing the scalability and integration of scientific data into more sustainable workflows and future machine learning pipelines.
Paper: THP2071
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-THP2071
About: Received: 19 May 2026 — Revised: 21 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
THP2078
The attosecond technology program at the European XFEL
3600
In this contribution we will discuss the “Attosecond Technology” program at the European XFEL. This strategic program is being launched to cross a new frontier in ultrafast science, enabling experiments that probe and control electron dynamics on their natural timescales. The program is structured into tightly coordinated projects that address the full chain of challenges required for reliable attosecond operation at the European XFEL. These include the following three areas: first, attosecond pulse generation; second, development of next-generation diagnostics, capable of resolving sub-femtosecond temporal structures and, third, dedicated proof-of-principle experiments to validate performance under real experimental conditions and to provide increasing user access to attosecond-class capabilities. These efforts form a roadmap that integrates accelerator physics, FEL science, and experimental methodology. The program aims at delivering reproducible and well-characterized high-power X-ray attosecond pulses in single pulse, X-ray pump/X-ray probe or Optical pump/X-ray probe configuration.
Paper: THP2078
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-THP2078
About: Received: 08 May 2026 — Revised: 20 May 2026 — Accepted: 20 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
THP2100
Compression and linearisation studies on CLARA
3629
CLARA is a 250 MeV/celectron beam user facility currently undergoing final beam commissioning at Daresbury Laboratory, in the UK. CLARA features a 4-dipole variable bunch compressor, allowing a wide range of R56 values up to 60 mm, coupled with an X-band fourth harmonic cavity (4HC) for longitudinal harmonic correction of the S-band main linacs. An S-band transverse deflecting cavity (TDC) situated in a diagnostic straight following the bunch compressor, coupled with a high-resolution spectrometer beamline, enables full transverse and longitudinal reconstruction of the beam phase space. The FEBE arc, which delivers beam to a dedicated user area, can also act as an additional variable longitudinal compressor, with R56 variation of ±50 mm possible with limited dispersion leakage, and with 2 sextupole families for T566 correction. A Coherent Transition Radiation (CTR) target is situated at the exit of the arc and can be used for longitudinal tuning. Commissioning of the various longitudinal compression and linearisation systems has recently taken place, to facilitate a first tranche of “friendly” user experiments, several with demanding requirements on the bunch length.
Paper: THP2100
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-THP2100
About: Received: 11 May 2026 — Revised: 20 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
THP3309
Modernizing the AWA facility: enhanced beam quality and capabilities for high-gradient RF and beam physics research
3801
The Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) is a 1300 MHz, 65 MeV normal-conducting photoinjector LINAC supporting a broad research program in high-gradient RF acceleration, beam physics, and AI/ML-based accelerator operations. The facility produces electron bunches span-ning 1 pC to 100 nC, including high-charge (~100 nC, ~25 kA), high-brightness (~hundreds nm emittance), and arbitrarily shaped formats, and delivers beam to 5 device-under-test zones along two primary experimental beam-lines. Over the past decade the AWA has undergone exten-sive modernization, including replacement of the drive gun with an RF-symmetrized photoinjector; upgrade of the drive laser from a 248 nm excimer to a 262 nm Ti:sapphire system; transition to a distributed EPICS-based control system; and deployment of a digital LLRF system developed by the LBNL BACI group. Recent experiments have demonstrated accelerating gradients >300 MV/m in X-band structures, peak cathode fields >400 MV/m, and beam-driven RF power generation >565 MW. Near-term plans include RF-symmetrized linac cavity replacements and an asymmetric EEX beamline upgrade. A proposed AWA-II upgrade would double the beam energy to ~130 MeV, further expanding the facility’s reach for high-gradient RF and beam physics research.
Paper: THP3309
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-THP3309
About: Received: 13 May 2026 — Revised: 21 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
THP4047
An upgraded extraction septum and a new diagnostic section for the Bonn isochronous cyclotron
3976
The Bonn Isochronous Cyclotron provides light ion beams of a charge-to-mass ratio Q/A >= 1/2 with kinetic energies ranging from 7 to 14 MeV/A to five experimental sites. To improve operation reliability, the cyclotron's electrostatic extraction septum is upgraded using components, manufactured by laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF). The new copper septum blade holder reduces thermal load on the blade and the integrated cooling system's leak rates to the vacuum. Also, a new beam diagnostic section for the future ion beam analysis setup in Beamline D is under construction, comprising a secondary electron monitor, a Faraday cup (FC) and a beam screen (BS). Both, FC and BS, are made from aluminium using L-PBF and are pneumatically retractable. Cooling is provided through coaxial water tubes, integrated into the pneumatic rods. Here, progress of the septum upgrade will be reported and details of the new diagnostic section will be provided.
Paper: THP4047
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-THP4047
About: Received: 13 May 2026 — Revised: 21 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026
THP5349
Modeling and measuring mismatched beam transport on halo formation in a high-intensity LINAC
4254
Ongoing studies at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) Beam Test Facility (BTF) seek to characterize halo formation in the early stages of a high-power linac with specific focus on determining the contribution from mismatched beam transport and to replicate halo measurements using well-benchmarked particle-in-cell simulations. The BTF is a 2.5 MeV, 10- meter test beamline equipped with advanced phase space diagnostics allowing detailed characterization of beam distributions. This talk details recent advances in improved transport of mismatched cases in the BTF, direct measurements of 2D phase space projections with 6 orders of magnitude in dynamic range, and comparisons of predictions from the PyORBIT code to measured distributions.
Paper: THP5349
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2026-THP5349
About: Received: 18 May 2026 — Revised: 19 May 2026 — Accepted: 19 May 2026 — Issue date: 22 May 2026