In the upgraded accelerator of the China Spallation Neutron Source Phase II (CSNS-II) project, several multi-channel beam diagnostic detectors are installed, including a Ionization Profile Monitor (IPM) for measuring the injection beam profile and a Multi-Wire Profile Monitor for measuring the target beam profile. In the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), similar multi-channel detectors typically utilize multiple PXIe acquisition cards to construct a PXIe-based signal acquisition system, which suffers from high cost and limited flexibility. This paper presents an alternative signal readout solution using a multi-channel high-speed digitizer to replace the PXIe system. The digitizer incorporates built-in front-end amplification functionality, eliminating the need for separate analog electronics for signal amplification. With a maximum sampling rate of 125 MS/s, it fully meets the sampling requirements for the beam pulse width in the CSNS-II Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS), which ranges from 500 ns to 80 ns. Moreover, the multi-channel signal acquisition system implemented with this digitizer offers high integration and reduced cost compared to the PXIe system, making it an ideal choice for beam diagnostics systems.

Abstract: The longitudinal density distribution of electron bunch-es is a critical parameter for evaluating the performance of storage rings. To meet the requirements for real-time, cost-effective, and flexible longitudinal diagnostics for the Hefei Advanced Light Facility (HALF), we have devel-oped a Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) measurement system based on a general-purpose high-speed oscilloscope at the Hefei Light Source II (HLS-II). Unlike traditional setups relying on dedicated TCSPC modules, this system utilizes an oscilloscope to directly acquire single-photon pulses from a Photomultiplier Tube (PMT). Experiments conducted at the HLS-II beamline successfully recovered the bunch fill pattern and recon-structed the photon arrival time distribution. To address the measurement errors caused by amplitude fluctuations, a post-processing algorithm incorporating Software Con-stant Fraction Discrimination (CFD) and time folding was developed. This approach effectively suppressed the time walk effect and enabled high-resolution reconstruction of the bunch profile. The results demonstrate that this oscil-loscope-based scheme possesses excellent online monitor-ing capabilities, providing a cost-effective technical solu-tion for HALF and similar facilities.

The Beam Permit System (BPS) has been implemented as a software-level permit and verification layer for the Rare isotope Accelerator complex for ON-line experiments (RAON), a heavy-ion accelerator being commissioned at the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) in Korea. While the Machine Protection System (MPS) provides fast hardware signal-based protection against beam-induced equipment damage, the BPS complements it by checking software-level conditions such as EPICS Input/Output Controller (IOC) availability, Process Variable (PV) consistency, and operating-mode correctness. By combining IOC monitoring, configuration checks, and mode-aware permit logic, the BPS ensures that beam delivery is allowed only when all required operating conditions are satisfied. Commissioning tests in the currently operational RAON section (up to SCL3) show that the BPS identifies hardware or software inconsistencies and inhibits beam extraction when necessary, ensuring that beam delivery occurs only under verified and safe operating conditions. This paper presents the design and implementation of the RAON BPS and summarizes the first commissioning results of this combined hardware–software protection approach.

Precise magnetic-field measurements are essential for the characterization of both superconducting (SC) and permanent-magnet (PM) undulators. Since the accurate characterization of these devices relies directly on precisely calibrated Hall probes, a dedicated Hall-probe calibration setup for magnetic fields from -2T to +2T has been developed, produced, and commissioned at European XFEL, capable of operating over a broad temperature range from 300 K down to 4 K. This contribution presents the setup and first results.

Due to linac operational issues, the Canadian Light Source has recently reduced the injection energy of its booster synchrotron from 250 MeV to 152 MeV. We found that we needed to be increasingly careful with the booster ring transverse tunes as we decreased the injection energy. We needed to make fine adjustments of the tunes during the low energy part of the ramp, requiring new software. Adjusting the energy compression system (ECS) and transfer line was mostly a linear process. Recent improvements in diagnostics and software have greatly simplified ECS and transfer line setup.

This paper details the development of Thailand’s first prototype in-vacuum wiggler (IVW). The project initiated with 3D magnetic field simulations using the RADIA package to define the optimal magnetic configuration. To verify their magnetic properties and ensure field quality, individual magnet blocks are characterized using a Helmholtz coil system operated via in-house developed control software. The magnet arrays are assembled onto an in-vacuum girder utilizing a custom workstation and specialized keeper tools to maintain strict mechanical tolerances and ensure safety against strong magnetic forces. Optical alignment using a leveling camera verifies girder planarity and gap consistency prior to final metrology. Furthermore, this work details a custom-built Hall probe measurement bench—also driven by newly developed control and data acquisition software—which is employed for the inaugural field mapping of the assembled IVW. A preliminary comparison between the experimental field data and RADIA simulations, prior to the application of shimming or magic finger end-field corrections, is presented. This study establishes a critical technical framework for future high-performance ID development in Thailand.

In theory, a 180° or 90° hybrid bridge can be used as a variable power divider and combiner. This study focuses on the related theoretical research, the Magic Tee and 3 dB bridge are selected as the required 180° and 90° hybrid bridges. Based on scattering matrix of the four-port microwave network, the relationship between the input and output amplitude and phase, the phase difference of the two output signals and the influence of the input amplitude or phase error on the output signals were deduced theoretically. The simulations were also conducted, and the results agreed with theory, which proved the theory correct. The variable power divider and combiner can be used in many applications and thus worth studying.

A proof of principle implementation in software-defined radio (SDR) for signal processing at multiple harmonics of the revolution frequency for intensity measurement applications is presented. Two off-the-shelf SDR front ends, USRP X310 and ADALM2000, are combined with the GNU Radio framework to provide real-time signal filtering. A maximum signal processing rate of 5 MSa/s is achieved, and the challenges of real-time processing in these devices are discussed. Beam measurements validating the implemented signal flow graphs are shown.

The beam-loss monitoring system of the UNILAC heavy-ion linear accelerator is based on measuring the beam current at multiple locations along the beamline. Signals from beam–current transformers are amplified, converted into pulse trains and counted within a defined time window. The system has proven to be robust and operationally safe. The ongoing upgrade aims to replace the current-to-frequency converters and the entire digital subsystem while preserving the established operational principle and the analog front-end. Most important reasons are ageing of the electronics, the need for improved scalability, flexibility and safety, and last but not least, alignment with the new GSI/FAIR controls architecture. The new system operates under the supervision of a System Control Unit (SCU), the standard front-end platform of the GSI/FAIR control system. It is controlled by the Front-End Software Architecture (FESA) and White Rabbit. Once configured, the FPGA-based hardware operates autonomously to ensure high reliability and fail-safe behaviour. Here we describe the system architecture, its modular hardware, firmware architecture and the software interface.

The control system of the GSI accelerator complex dates back to the early 1990s. It is based on a derivative of the MIL-1553 field bus, providing around 1 Mbit/s throughput and deterministic real-time operation. Although a modern control architecture with smart front-ends (System Control Units, SCUs), Ethernet, and White Rabbit is now widely deployed at GSI, several hundred devices still depend on the legacy network and protocols. The ageing electronics and limited bandwidth provide strong motivation to migrate to the new control system. However, an upgrade is limited by various constraints: strict real-time operation, existing software architecture, physical space and available power sources. Therefore, operation of the legacy interfaces must be ensured for at least another decade while a unified migration strategy is hard to find. In this contribution, we present a generic approach for extending the lifetime of the existing MIL-1553-based systems and gradual replacement of their components. This includes upgrades of bus controllers, device controllers, the bus itself as well as a new Modbus/TCP-based solution for simple devices.

IFMIF-DONES is an accelerator-based neutron source under construction in Granada, Spain. Its goal is to generate an intense and continuous flux of fusion-like neutrons to qualify the materials to be placed in nuclear-fusion reactors. Meeting its ambitious availability targets imposes stringent reliability requirements on all components, particularly transversal systems such as Control Systems. To address this, a dedicated testing platform is being developed to validate architectural and technological choices. Key aspects under evaluation include the EPICS IOC deployment model (container-based) and orchestration solution (currently evaluating Proxmox HA, Docker Swarm and Kubernetes). It is also envisaged to integrate the existing DONES prototypes into the testing platform. The testing platform will deliver value across all project phases by reducing risks, improving consistency, and enhancing readiness. In early stages, it supports operation of the DONES prototypes and minimizes risks by validating design choices. During development and commissioning, it will foster standardization through shared tools and procedures, easing integration and enabling early operator training. In operation and maintenance, it will uphold accessibility and usability standards, as well as long-term reliability and maintainability. This contribution will present the proposed architecture of the IFMIF-DONES control systems and report on the design and current progress of the testing platform.

Managing large number of Input / Output Controllers (IOCs) and Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) in a multi-network facility is challenging, since there are several resources of failures large scientific facilities may face in their life cycle, including hardware failures in servers and networks, operating system issues like high CPU and memory usage, and application issues such as crashes and memory leaks. A new software workflow is developed and released at SESAME that solves the preceding issues. The workflow includes containerizing software in independent units using Docker, orchestrating those units from a central manager using Kubernetes, managing installing, releasing, and rolling back of the deployments using Helm, and automating the process through a well-defined pipeline using continuous deployment using Jenkins. This workflow is immune to human error as every step is fully automated. Also, this workflow reduced development and deployment time significantly and enhanced IOCs availability. Currently, SESAME’s accelerator control system is almost fully managed by the described workflow, while beamlines integration is in progress.

In this work, we present the use of PandABox timing module to implement position-based and time-based on- the-fly scanning to continuously acquire data at the X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) beamline of SESAME synchrotron light source. For position-based scanning, we first developed a module that automatically partitions the user-defined energy and Bragg angle ranges into sub-intervals. Within each sub-interval, the energy-angle mapping is linearly approximated to main- tain accuracy within acceptable margins. The method then integrates the position encoding of the Double Crystal Monochromator (DCM) Bragg angle with the synchronous triggering of multiple detectors, including ionization cham- bers (ICs) and a KETEK SSD detector. For time-based scanning, PandABox is pre-configured to generate triggers at fixed time exposure time intervals. Improvements, per- formance and comparative results are also discussed in this work. Keywords: on-the-fly scanning, QEXAFS, DAQ, Pand- ABox, linear fitting, XAFS/XRF

Modern accelerator facilities generate heterogeneous data from diagnostics, sensors and simulations, making it difficult to manage, reproduce, and contextualize results as software and models evolve. While FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) are increasingly applied to research data, the iterative development of scientific software, with its rich metadata and benchmarks, rarely follows them. Small changes in compiler flags, dependencies, or hardware can alter outcomes, yet are often undocumented. We address this gap with BenchTune, a telemetry and reporting layer in C++ and Python that interfaces with the Kadi4Mat (Kadi) virtual research environment. BenchTune records metadata for each algorithm run, compiler information, parameters, metrics and stores it in Kadi as portable, traceable research artifacts. A project-view plugin in Kadi visualizes the evolution of a research project, linking code versions, datasets, and benchmark runs into coherent workflows. As a result, our contribution provides a reproducible framework that supports FAIR principles for research data, enabling sustainable and collaborative research in accelerator physics and beyond.

SIS18, the main synchrotron of the present GSI accelerator complex, will serve as booster for the FAIR facility. Several major and minor upgrade programs were realized since 2008 to improve SIS18 for this purpose. We will report on new capabilities of the synchrotron for present and future user operation, which were not directly attributed to FAIR injector operation. Namely, a spill feedback system to control macroscopic spill shape and optimize spill microstructure during slow extraction. The operation of SIS18 with the new FAIR control system in conjunction with the RF upgrades allows beam operation without restrictions at lower injection energies. Acceleration of two beams consisting of ions with different mass to charge ratios at different revolution frequencies during acceleration are now possible and were successfully demonstrated in 2025. Possible users are medical research and plasma physics. As outlook we describe future plans for beam shaping before fast extraction for medical research.

The Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (FFA) accelerator is a natural candidate for a high-power pulsed proton driver, although no high-power FFA has yet been constructed. As a critical component of the accelerator, the main magnets have been the subject of particular study. Operational flexibility, in terms of machine optics, over a large range is an essential feature of such a machine. In order to explore this in more detail a dedicated FFA prototype magnet has been designed and manufactured. This magnet was manufactured and delivered to the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) in the UK in April 2025, and field measurements are subsequently planned to establish its characteristics. This paper will discuss the design, manufacture, and measurement plans of the prototype magnet.

The Python-based Beam Longitudinal Dynamics (BLonD) simulation suite is an open-source framework for modelling the motion of charged particles in circular accelerators. BLonD has been in use since 2014 and is utilised successfully at several accelerator facilities such as J-PARC, ISIS, and CERN. Furthermore, BLonD is applied for the design of new synchrotrons such as the Future Circular Collider (FCC) and the Muon Collider. Both projects demand more complex simulations, as effects like strong synchrotron radiation or wake fields due to counter-rotating beams become important. In recent years, the BLonD community has also called for an improved user interface to ease the creation of input files for the simulations. This publication presents the latest software developments for BLonD. A redesigned, highly modular software architecture and improved user interface are currently being implemented, which simplify the creation of complicated relationships between physical phenomena. Preliminary testing and user feedback show improved scalability and flexibility, enabling the efficient development of particle-tracking simulations for next-generation accelerators, while facilitating the analysis of existing synchrotrons.

The pendulum equation is the archetype for longitudinal motion within an RF bucket. The restoring force is sinusoidal. The case that the confining potential is composed of fundamental and second harmonic is called "dual harmonic". The solution to the pendulum equation of motion in terms of Jacobi elliptic functions is well known, for 140 years. The solution to the dual harmonic equation, also in terms of elliptic functions, is almost unknown. Here we present the solutions for confined and unbounded motion, with almost arbitrary ratio of the two harmonics. The oscillation frequency as a function of oscillation amplitude is a collateral prediction.